Multiple-scale error growth in a convection-resolving model

The properties of the multiple-scale instabilities present in a non-hydrostatic forecast model are investigated. The model simulates intense convection episodes occurring in northern Italy. A breeding technique is used to construct ensembles of perturbations of the model trajectories aimed at representing the instabilities that are responsible for error growth on various timescales and space scales. By means of perfect model twin experiments it is found that, for initial errors of the order of present-day analysis error, a nonnegligible fraction of the forecast error can be explained by a bred vector ensemble of reasonable size representing the growth of errors on intermediate scales. In contrast, when the initial error is much smaller, the spectrum of bred vectors representing the fast convective-scale instabilities becomes flat, and the number of ensemble members needed to explain even a small fraction of the forecast error becomes extremely large. The conclusion is that as the analysis error is decreased, it becomes more and more computationally demanding to construct an ensemble that can describe the highdimensional subspace of convective instabilities and that can thus be potentially useful for controlling the error growth.